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In Pakistan, a medical school is more often referred to as a medical college. A medical college is affiliated with a university as a department which usually has a separate campus. Currently, there are a total of 94 medical colleges in Pakistan, 39 of which are public and 55 private. All but two colleges are listed in International Medical Education Directory. All medical colleges and universities are regulated by the respective provincial department of health. They however have to be recognized after meeting a set criteria by a central regulatory authority called Pakistan Medical and Dental Council (PMDC). Entrance into the medical colleges is based on merit under the guidelines of PMDC. Both the academic performance at the HSC (grades 11-12) and an entrance test like MCAT are taken into consideration for the eligibility to enter most of the medical colleges. ==Curriculum== After successfully completing five years of theoretical and practical (clinical) training in the medical college and affiliated teaching hospitals the graduates are awarded a Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) degree. The graduates are then eligible to apply for a medical license from the PMDC. The curriculum for all colleges, irrespective of their regional location and university affiliation, is designed by PMDC. The curriculum spans a term of five years or seasons (four professional years). *First year (first professional year - part 1) *Second year (first professional year - part 2) *Third year (second professional year) *Fourth year (third professional year) *Fifth/final year (fourth professional year) Main courses of the curriculum, respective of the academic year they are examined in, are as follows: *First Professional Year - Part I and II: * *Anatomy * * *Embryology * * *Gross Anatomy * * *Histology * * *Neuroanatomy * *Human Physiology * *Medical Biochemistry * *Islamiat/Theology and Pakistan Studies *Second Professional Year: * *Behavioral Sciences and Medical Ethics * *Legal/Forensic Medicine and Toxicology * *General Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology * *Pharmacology and Therapeutics *Third Professional Year: * *Community Medicine ''also called Social or Preventive Medicine'' * *Ophthalmology * *Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) * *Special Pathology *Fourth (final) Professional Year: * *Internal Medicine * * *Medicine I * * * *Angiology * * * *Cardiology * * * *Gastroenterology * * * *Hematology * * * *Hepatology * * * *Neurology * * * *Osteology * * * *Pulmonology * * * *Rheumatology * * *Medicine II * * * *Critical Care Medicine * * * *Dermatology * * * *Endocrinology * * * *Infectious diseases * * * *Nephrology * * * *Psychiatry *Gynecology and Obstetrics *Pediatrics *Surgery * *Surgery I * * *Anesthesiology * * *Oncology * * *Operative Care * * *Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery * * *Radiology * * *Surgical Infections * * *Traumatology * *Surgery II * * *Cardiothoracic Surgery * * *General Surgery * * *Neurosurgery * * *Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery * * *Orthopedic Surgery * * *Pediatric Surgery * * *Urology * * *Vascular Surgery Theoretical, practical and clinical knowledge is assessed by one or more of the following methods; multiple choice questions (MCQs), short essay questions (SEQs), laboratory skills, viva voce, and objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). Required laboratory training is provided in biochemistry, histology, physiology, pharmacology, toxicology, pathology including hematology, immunology and microbiology. Teaching in gross anatomy is assisted by exploratory dissection of cadavers. Clinical training and evaluation sessions (or clerkship) at the affiliated teaching hospitals is also compulsory for all medical students, especially in their second, third and fourth (final) professional years. These include observation, assisting and practice in various emergency, outpatient, inpatient and operative settings in the following rotating disciplines: dermatology, general surgery, gynecology, internal medicine, obstetrics, ophthalmology including orthoptics, orthopedics, otorhinolaryngology, pediatrics, psychiatry, radiology and urology. Visits to various locations for the purposes of training and understanding of social, legal, communal and preventive aspects of health are also conducted if possible, such as: *Community Medicine * *Basic Health Unit (BHU) * *Dog bite center * *Factory or industrial unit * *Hospital waste disposal site * *Maternal and Child Health Center (MCHC) * *Orphanage * *Primary school * *Rehabilitation center * *Retirement home * *Rural Health Center (RHC) * *Special education institute * *Vaccination center * *Water purification plant *Dermatology * *Skin laser clinic * *Venereal disease control center *Legal and Forensics Medicine * *Autopsy rooms * *Courtrooms * *Site of exhumation *Internal Medicine * *Cancer research center * *Diabetes clinic * *Emergency room * *Intensive care unit *Obstetrics * *Abortion clinic * *Labor room *Ophthalmology * *Eye laser clinic *Otorhinolaryngology * *Acoustics laboratory * *Hearing aid center * *Speech therapy clinic *Pathology * *Pathology museum *Psychiatry * *Mental assylum *Surgery * *Burns unit * *Orthotic prosthetic center 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of medical schools in Pakistan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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